Indoxyl Sulfate Affects Glial Function Increasing Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease: Interaction between Astrocytes and Microglia

Indoxyl Sulfate Affects Glial Function Increasing Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease: Interaction between Astrocytes and Microglia

Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a protein-bound uremic toxin resulting from the metabolism of dietary tryptophan which accumulates in patients with impaired renal function, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). IS is a well-known nephrovascular toxin but little is known about its effects on central nervous...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Simona Adesso, Tim Magnus, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Michela Campolo, Björn Rissiek, Orlando Paciello, Giuseppina Autore, Aldo Pinto, Stefania Marzocco
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Pharmacology
Subjects:
indoxyl sulfate
neuroinflammation
oxidative stress
neurodegeneration
uremic toxins
chronic kidney disease
Online Access:http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2017.00370/full

Internet

http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2017.00370/full

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