The effects of western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis) defoliation on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii): disturbance dynamics from the landscape to the cellular level
The western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman) is the most widespread and destructive defoliator of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forests in British Columbia. Over the past two decades, western spruce budworm outbreaks have been sustained and widespread in the i...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | |
| Language: | English en |
| Published: |
2016
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7037 |