The effects of western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis) defoliation on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii): disturbance dynamics from the landscape to the cellular level

The western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman) is the most widespread and destructive defoliator of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forests in British Columbia. Over the past two decades, western spruce budworm outbreaks have been sustained and widespread in the i...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Axelson, Jodi N.
Other Authors: Smith, Daniel J.
Language:English
en
Published: 2016
Subjects:
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7037