International cooperation in endourology: percutaneous and flexible ureteroscopic treatment of lower pole kidney stones
Introduction Lower pole kidney stones represent at time a challenge for the urologist. The gold standard treatment for intrarenal stones <2 cm is Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) while for those >2 cm is Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The success rate of ESWL, however, decr...
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| Format: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Language: | en |
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Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
2011
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| Online Access: | http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3891/ |