Cholecystokinin Drives Descending Facilitation to Mediate Morphine-Induced Paradoxical "Pain" and Antinociceptive Tolerance
Sustained administration of morphine in humans and in animals induces a state of abnormal pain (i.e., hyperalgesia) which may be associated with the development of reduced analgesic efficacy (i.e., tolerance). Evidence suggests that opiate treatment may upregulate cholecystokinin (CCK), a pronocicep...
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| Language: | EN |
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The University of Arizona.
2005
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195212 |