Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Hollow Fill Drainages in Low Order Streams in the Appalachian Mountains of Virginia and West Virginia
Hollow fills are composed of excess spoil and debris produced from surface coal mining that is not returned to the original mined site. Hollow fills are often constructed in the head of hollows nearby or adjacent to the mined land area, which may be the origins of headwater streams or drain into lo...
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Virginia Tech
2014
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| Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32977 http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05192003-092715/ |