Secret culture, public culture and a secular moral order: Masonry and antimasonry in Massachusetts (1826-1832), the Third French Republic (1884-1911), and the Russian Empire (1906-1910)
Modern Freemasonry emerged in the early eighteenth-century as part of European Enlightenment culture and gradually spread to the American continent. Masonry immediately aroused suspicion and continues to evoke controversy today. This study documents the development and maturation of lodge principles...
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| Language: | ENG |
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ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst
1998
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| Online Access: | https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9909199 |