| Summary: | 碩士 === 國立成功大學 === 心理學系 === 104 === Besides optimism and pessimism, Norem and Cantor (1986) found another cognitive strategy: defensive pessimism, that individuals set low expectations and high reflections prior to entering a situation in order to prepare for potential failure and to motivate themselves to avoid it. Under Chinese culture which emphasizes modesty and harmony, we conducted two studies to:(1) develop a Chinese version measurement of defensive pessimism, compare its personality and behaviors with that of optimists’ and pessimists’ to verify its validity. (2) explore three kinds personality’s moderation effect in workplace. (3) The three kinds of personality had relation to the Big Five which shows an acceptable validity.
In study 1, with 234 undergraduate participants, we found that:(1) defensive pessimists had the highest reflection and had no difference with optimists’ but were better than pessimists’. In study 2, with 248 Taiwanese as sample, we found that defensive pessimism has moderate effect on perceived organizational support to job satisfaction as well as job satisfaction to rate of job-loading which showed the advantage of defensive pessimism personality. Finally, the contribution, limitation and practical significance of this research were discussed.
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