Organism Safety Evaluation and Absorption Properties of Functional Additivesfrom Activated Carbon Prepared with Corn Cob, Mushroom Stalk, Bagasse Pith

• Main Authors: Li-Ying Tseng, 曾麗瑛
• Other Authors: Han Chien Lin
• Format: Others
• Language: zh-TW
• Published: 2007
• Online Access: http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22287349501817069831

碩士 === 國立嘉義大學 === 林產科學系研究所 === 95 === Abstract The study used corn cob, bagasse pith, and mushroom stalk of agricultural wastes as the specimens to prepare activated carbons by using the method of physics activation with CO2 activated gas in different activated temperature. The yield and physical adsorption of activated carbons were investigated. Each better yield and adsorption properties from three of them was individually selected, and then was to examine them with toxicity and mutagenicity tests. After that, the corn cob activated carbon for the temperature at 850 oC was used to carry out an organism safety evaluation; with other words, a mammal (Sprague-Dawley rate; SD rate) tests were preceded with acute toxicity and subacute toxicity tests. The goal of this research, after the activated carbon was prepared and their safety was evaluated, was to provide a functional dryer or additives for the current use of diet hopefully. The results obtained that the range of yield for three types of activated carbon was 1.7-28.4 %. This indicates that the activation temperature is a main influence factor; that is, the higher activated temperature is, and the lower the yield is. For the tests of benzene adsorption, three types of activated carbons were all reached to over 25 %. The results of iodine number tests obtained that the activated carbon of bagasse pith was the best one, about 1020 mg/g. The results of carbon content by using from the Elemental Vario CHNS/O analyzer (EA) for three types of agricultural wastes, the corn cob activated carbon was the highest one, about 77 %. From the results of total metal contents in the X-ray analysis, three types of activated carbons were all below 40 ppm, according to the announce of the Department of Health of the Executive Yuan for the total metal contents of food additives in 1993. For the toxicity and mutagenicity tests, from the results of yield and physical adsorption, the activated carbon of corn cob, mushroom stalk, and bagasse pith at the activated temperature with 850 oC, 850 oC and 800 oC was selected, and the types of strain used were Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and TA100. The results showed that the rest of bacterium was higher than 80 % of the control, indicating the activated carbons was without the toxicity. In the results of the mutagenicity tests, the activated carbons to Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and TA100 were not over two times of spontaneous revertants, indicating that the activated carbons were provided without mutagenicity occurred. Corn cob activated carbon at 850 ℃ of activated temperature was selected to as the feeding sample, when the mammal tests were carried out. The results showed that there were insignificantly different for the body weight, food consumption, water consumption, and feed conversion efficiency of clinical observation in acute toxicity and subacute toxicity tests. The results of hematology analysis obtained that there were no significant difference for the experimental and control male/female SD rates. Either rates, however, in either of experimental or control from the results of the serum chemistry showed that their glucose all decreased significantly. For the results of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), aspartate aaminotransferase (AST), and phosphorus, it was realized that they all were higher than those for SD rates in a normal range according to National Laboratory Animal Center. And, there has no significantly different in the results of urinalysis, organ weight and histopathological for all the male/female SD rates. With above-mentioned results, No-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of the mammal tests was able to over 5 g/kg. As the results, the study suggests that the dose of corn cob activated carbon, prepared from the activated temperature at 850 oC, is safety against the organism safety evaluation, when it is to as the functional dryer or additives, in addition to face that the value-added of agricultural wastes can be increased. Keywords：Agricultural Wastes, Corn Cob, Bagasse Pith, Mushroom Stalk, Activated Carbon, Toxicity Tests, Mutagenicity Tests, Acute Toxicity, Subacute Toxicity Tests