Behavioral responses of elk (Cervus elaphus) to the threat of wolf (Canus lupus) predation
We studied individual and herd level behavioral responses of elk to spatial and temporal variation in the risk of predation by wolves over three winters in the Upper Gallatin drainage, Montana. Within a given drainage, elk of both sexes moved into or closer to protective cover (timber) in response t...
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| Language: | en |
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2006
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| Online Access: | http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/winnie/WinnieJ0506.pdf |