臺北都會區1999專線之研究:創新擴散的觀點

• Main Authors: 林詩兒, Lin,Shih Erh
• Language: 中文
• Published: 國立政治大學
• Subjects: 創新擴散; 311專線; 1999專線; 創新先驅者; 變遷代理人; Diffusion of innovations; Hotline 311; Hotline1999; Innovators; Change Agent
• Online Access: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/cgi-bin/cdrfb3/gsweb.cgi?o=dstdcdr&i=sid=%22G0101921315%22.

隨著創新時代來臨，政府透過創新的政策推動藉以滿足民眾最新的需求或與民眾產生更好的互動方式，政府部門的創新力近年來亦成提升政府服務品質的關鍵，同時透過政府間對創新政策的相互仿效，形成E.M.Rogers所提出的「創新擴散」（diffusion of innovations）效應。　　　　　　　　 臺北市政府即以美國紐約市「311專線」政策為藍本，於2005年啟用「1999專線」至2014年1月，其後有高雄市及新北市等共17個縣市陸續採用，顯見1999專線於政策擴散的效應，並直接影響各地方政府間及政府與民眾間的互動關係。因此本研究透過四個構面去分析：（1）我國1999專線政策於地方政府間擴散情形；（2）創新先驅者臺北市政府變遷代理人於傳佈各階段所扮演的角色；（3）臺北都會區創新決策過程；（4）臺北都會區創新政策擴散的後果。為探究臺北都會區從啟用至執行1999專線的情形，本研究透過文獻內容分析法、次級資料法與質化深度訪談法進行資料的統整與分析。經由創新擴散理論為架構，探析地方政府間擴散學習的效應及影響組織創新決策的過程，以作為其他縣市的參考。 　　本研究結果發現：（1）創新性分數較高多為直轄市或與創新先驅者鄰近之都會區、擴散型態呈現各式曲線分佈；（2）變遷代理人於擴散各階段扮演不同角色；（3）臺北都會區具有實施動機較高、相對優勢較高、政府網絡關係較高、組織內部資源與規模較高等創新優勢；（4）影響民眾知曉度主要為意見領袖；影響民眾滿意度主要因素為是否能滿足民眾的需求。本研究建議如下：（1）建置地方政府創新政策知識庫；（2）建立縣市創新政策交流機制；（3）建議中央鼓勵我國縣市全面實施。 === As the age of innovation comes, the government satisfies the public’s latest needs and builds a better way to interact with the public by carrying out innovative policies. Besides, innovation had played a key role in increasing governmental service quality for the past few years. Meanwhile, through mutual imitation of innovation between governments, the diffusion of innovations, pointed out by E.M.Rogers, was formed. 　　Based on New York City’s Hotline 133, Hotline 1999 was launched in Taipei by Taipei City Government in 2005, and was then adopted by totally 17 cities and counties one after another until January 2014, including Kaohsiung and New Taipei City, which showed the effect of Hotline 1999’s policy diffusion, and the significant impact to the relation between local governments and among governments and the public. Thus Hotline 1999 project was analyzed by 4 aspects in this study: 1. The diffusion condition of Hotline 1999 on local governments, 2. The roles played by Change agent of Taipei City government, as an innovation pioneer, in each stage of diffusion, 3. Innovation policy decision process in the metropolitan areas of Taipei, and 4. The consequences of the above said diffusion. To discuss the whole process of Hotline 1999 from the very beginning to implementing, the data will be complied and analyzed though document analysis, secondary data analysis, and In-Depth Interviews. Besides, through Innovation Diffusion Theory as the framework, we discuss the learning effect of local governments and the process of innovation policy decision that influenced organizations for the further reference to other cities and counties. 　　The research findings include the following: 1. Directly Controlled Cities and the metropolis that neighbor on innovators score higher in innovativeness, 2. Change Agent played different roles as problem locators and innovation satisfaction, etc, 3. Taipei’s metropolitan areas have several innovation advantages: incentive to implement, relative advantage, stronger network among governments, and abundant resources and bigger scope, and 4. Public’s awareness was raised mainly by opinion leader, and degree of satisfaction depends on whether public needs are met. The suggestions are as follows : 1. Build a knowledge base for local government innovation policies, 2. Provide a mechanism for exchange of innovation policies, and 3. Central government should encourage the entire nation to implement the project.