Thioridazine: A Non-Antibiotic Drug Highly Effective, in Combination with First Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs, against Any Form of Antibiotic Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Due to Its Multi-Mechanisms of Action
This review presents the evidence that supports the use of thioridazine (TZ) for the therapy of a pulmonary tuberculosis infection regardless of its antibiotic resistance status. The evidence consists of in vitro and ex vivo assays that demonstrate the activity of TZ against all encountered Mycobact...
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doaj-ff900409264b44a7bd207644f96612092020-11-24T22:13:40ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822017-01-0161310.3390/antibiotics6010003antibiotics6010003Thioridazine: A Non-Antibiotic Drug Highly Effective, in Combination with First Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs, against Any Form of Antibiotic Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Due to Its Multi-Mechanisms of ActionLeonard Amaral0Miguel Viveiros1Insititute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon 1349-008, PortugalUnidade de Microbiologia Médica, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon 1349-008, PortugalThis review presents the evidence that supports the use of thioridazine (TZ) for the therapy of a pulmonary tuberculosis infection regardless of its antibiotic resistance status. The evidence consists of in vitro and ex vivo assays that demonstrate the activity of TZ against all encountered Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) regardless of its antibiotic resistance phenotype, as well as in vivo as a therapy for mice infected with multi-drug resistant strains of Mtb, or for human subjects infected with extensively drug resistant (XDR) Mtb. The mechanisms of action by which TZ brings about successful therapeutic outcomes are presented in detail.http://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/6/1/3antibiotic resistant pulmonary tuberculosisthioridazinein vitro activityex vivo activityin vivo activity (murine model and human trails)the non-killing macrophageenhancement of intracellular killing of Mtb by thioridazinemechanism of actions of thioridazine |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Leonard Amaral Miguel Viveiros |
spellingShingle |
Leonard Amaral Miguel Viveiros Thioridazine: A Non-Antibiotic Drug Highly Effective, in Combination with First Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs, against Any Form of Antibiotic Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Due to Its Multi-Mechanisms of Action Antibiotics antibiotic resistant pulmonary tuberculosis thioridazine in vitro activity ex vivo activity in vivo activity (murine model and human trails) the non-killing macrophage enhancement of intracellular killing of Mtb by thioridazine mechanism of actions of thioridazine |
author_facet |
Leonard Amaral Miguel Viveiros |
author_sort |
Leonard Amaral |
title |
Thioridazine: A Non-Antibiotic Drug Highly Effective, in Combination with First Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs, against Any Form of Antibiotic Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Due to Its Multi-Mechanisms of Action |
title_short |
Thioridazine: A Non-Antibiotic Drug Highly Effective, in Combination with First Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs, against Any Form of Antibiotic Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Due to Its Multi-Mechanisms of Action |
title_full |
Thioridazine: A Non-Antibiotic Drug Highly Effective, in Combination with First Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs, against Any Form of Antibiotic Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Due to Its Multi-Mechanisms of Action |
title_fullStr |
Thioridazine: A Non-Antibiotic Drug Highly Effective, in Combination with First Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs, against Any Form of Antibiotic Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Due to Its Multi-Mechanisms of Action |
title_full_unstemmed |
Thioridazine: A Non-Antibiotic Drug Highly Effective, in Combination with First Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs, against Any Form of Antibiotic Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Due to Its Multi-Mechanisms of Action |
title_sort |
thioridazine: a non-antibiotic drug highly effective, in combination with first line anti-tuberculosis drugs, against any form of antibiotic resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis due to its multi-mechanisms of action |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Antibiotics |
issn |
2079-6382 |
publishDate |
2017-01-01 |
description |
This review presents the evidence that supports the use of thioridazine (TZ) for the therapy of a pulmonary tuberculosis infection regardless of its antibiotic resistance status. The evidence consists of in vitro and ex vivo assays that demonstrate the activity of TZ against all encountered Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) regardless of its antibiotic resistance phenotype, as well as in vivo as a therapy for mice infected with multi-drug resistant strains of Mtb, or for human subjects infected with extensively drug resistant (XDR) Mtb. The mechanisms of action by which TZ brings about successful therapeutic outcomes are presented in detail. |
topic |
antibiotic resistant pulmonary tuberculosis thioridazine in vitro activity ex vivo activity in vivo activity (murine model and human trails) the non-killing macrophage enhancement of intracellular killing of Mtb by thioridazine mechanism of actions of thioridazine |
url |
http://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/6/1/3 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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