| Summary: | High power-to-weight ratio soft artificial muscles are of overarching importance to enable inherently safer solutions to human-robot interaction. Traditional air-driven soft McKibben artificial muscles are linear actuators, and it is impossible for them to realize bending motions through use of a single muscle. More than two McKibben muscles are normally used to achieve bending or rotational motions, leading to heavier and larger systems. In addition, air-driven McKibben muscles are highly nonlinear in nature, making them difficult to be controlled precisely. An shape memory alloy (SMA)-fishing-line-McKibben (SFLM) bending actuator has been developed. This novel artificial actuator, made of an SMA-fishing-line muscle and a McKibben muscle, was able to produce the maximum output force of 3.0 N and the maximum bending angle (the rotation of the end face) of 61°. This may promote the application of individual McKibben muscles or SMA-fishing-line muscles alone. An output force control method for the SFLM is proposed, and based on MATLAB/Simulink software, an experiment platform is set up and the effectiveness of control system is verified through output force experiments. A three-fingered SFLM gripper driven by three SFLMs has been designed for a case study and for which the maximum carrying capacity is 650.4 ± 0.2 g.
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