Variable effects of nicotine, anabasine, and their interactions on parasitized bumble bees [version 2; referees: 2 approved]

Secondary metabolites in floral nectar have been shown to reduce parasite load in two common bumble bee species. Previous studies on the effects of nectar secondary metabolites on parasitized bees have focused on single compounds in isolation; however, in nature, bees are simultaneously exposed to m...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lukas P. Thorburn, Lynn S. Adler, Rebecca E. Irwin, Evan C. Palmer-Young
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: F1000 Research Ltd 2015-12-01
Series:F1000Research
Subjects:
Online Access:http://f1000research.com/articles/4-880/v2