IL-4 together with IL-1β induces antitumor Th9 cell differentiation in the absence of TGF-β signaling
CD4+ helper T cells producing IL-9 (Th9) have been implicated in anti-tumor immunity, with Th9 differentiation inducible in vitro via IL-4 and TGFβ treatment. Here the authors show that replacing TGFβ with IL-1β induces a distinct IL-9+ CD4+ population that have strong cytotoxic and anti-tumor activ...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Publishing Group
2019-03-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09401-9 |