Adverse Effects of Smoking on Outcomes of Orthopaedic Surgery
Smoking has many adverse effects on the musculoskeletal system, particularly on the outcomes after orthopaedic surgery. Smoking is associated with surgical site infection and postoperative wound complications after spine surgery, total joint arthroplasty, and fracture fixation; nonunion after spinal...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SAGE Publishing
2017-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Rehabilitation |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2210491717300271 |