Kidney Organoid and Microphysiological Kidney Chip Models to Accelerate Drug Development and Reduce Animal Testing
Kidneys are critical for the elimination of many drugs and metabolites via the urine, filtering waste and maintaining proper fluid and electrolyte balance. Emerging technologies incorporating engineered three-dimensional (3D) in vitro cell culture models, such as organoids and microphysiological sys...
Main Authors: | , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-07-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.695920/full |