Giardia duodenalis extracellular vesicles regulate the proinflammatory immune response in mouse macrophages in vitro via the MAPK, AKT and NF-κB pathways
Abstract Background Giardia duodenalis is an extracellular protozoan parasite that causes giardiasis in mammals. The presentation of giardiasis ranges from asymptomatic to severe diarrhea, and the World Health Organization lists it in the Neglected Diseases Initiative. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) a...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2021-07-01
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Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-04865-5 |