Inspiratory crackles—early and late—revisited: identifying COPD by crackle characteristics
Background The significance of pulmonary crackles, by their timing during inspiration, was described by Nath and Capel in 1974, with early crackles associated with bronchial obstruction and late crackles with restrictive defects. Crackles are also described as ‘fine’ or ‘coarse’. We aimed to evaluat...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2021-08-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open Respiratory Research |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/8/1/e000852.full |