Sex-Specific Differences in the Relationship between Insulin Resistance and Adiposity Indexes in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

• Main Authors: Valeria Calcaterra, Elvira Verduci, Laura Schneider, Hellas Cena, Annalisa De Silvestri, Sara Vizzuso, Federica Vinci, Chiara Mameli, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-05-01
• Series: Children
• Subjects: sex-specific differences; insulin resistance; adiposity; children; adolescents; obesity
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/8/6/449

New indexes of adiposity have been introduced to evaluate body-fat distribution and cardiometabolic risk. However, data on the correlation between Insulin Resistance (IR) and these new indexes are limited. We therefore evaluated the relationship between IR and adiposity indexes in children and adolescents with obesity, focusing on gender differences. We retrospectively enrolled 586 patients with obesity (10.80 ± 2.63; 306F/279M). As adiposity indexes we considered body mass index (BMI), BMI-z score, WC, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), a body shape index (ABSI), triponderal mass index (TMI), visceral adiposity index (VAI) and conicity index (ConI). The homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HOMA of percentage β-cell function (HOMA-β), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and triglyceride and glucose index (TyG-index) were measured and recorded as IR surrogates. In both sexes, WC and VAI significantly correlated with all IR measurements (<i>p</i> < 0.001). BMI significantly correlated (<i>p</i> < 0.001) with all IR parameters except for the TyG-index in females. Fat mass and TMI correlated with IR parameters only in females, BMI-z score with IR markers except for HOMA-β in males, WHtR with HOMA-β in both sexes (<i>p</i> < 0.05), free fat mass with HOMA-IR and QUICKI only in females (<i>p</i> < 0.01), ConI correlated with the TyG index in females (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Tryglicerides and SBP were correlated with all IR measurements (<i>p</i> < 0.001), in both sexes. Correlations between different sex parameters were significantly more evident in middle puberty. The relationship between IR surrogates and obesity indexes is influenced by gender in pediatrics. Sex-specific differences in obesity-related complications should be considered in preventive intervention decision-making.