Cytokines as Targets of Novel Therapies for Graves’ Ophthalmopathy

Cytokines as Targets of Novel Therapies for Graves’ Ophthalmopathy

Graves’ disease (GD) is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder of the thyroid, which is characterized by circulating TSH-receptor (TSH-R) stimulating antibodies (TSAb), leading to hyperthyroidism. Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) is one of GD extra-thyroidal manifestations associated with the presence of...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Poupak Fallahi, Silvia Martina Ferrari, Giusy Elia, Francesca Ragusa, Sabrina Rosaria Paparo, Armando Patrizio, Stefania Camastra, Mario Miccoli, Gabriella Cavallini, Salvatore Benvenga, Alessandro Antonelli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Endocrinology
Subjects:
corticosteroids
cytokines
Graves’ ophthalmopathy
rituximab
teprotumumab
tocilizumab
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.654473/full

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https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2021.654473/full

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