Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation to Improve the Dysfunction of Descending Pain Modulatory System Related to Opioids in Chronic Non-cancer Pain: An Integrative Review of Neurobiology and Meta-Analysis
Background: Opioid long-term therapy can produce tolerance, opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), and it induces dysfunction in pain descending pain inhibitory system (DPIS).Objectives: This integrative review with meta-analysis aimed: (i) To discuss the potential mechanisms involved in analgesic toler...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-11-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnins.2019.01218/full |