Chronic exposure to the opioid tramadol induces oxidative damage, inflammation and apoptosis, and alters cerebral monoamine neurotransmitters in rats
Tramadol is an opioid used as analgesic for treating moderate or sever pain. The long-term use of tramadol can induce several deleterious effects. We investigated the impact of chronic tramadol administration on the cerebrum of rats, focusing on oxidative damage, inflammation, apoptosis and changes...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2019-02-01
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| Series: | Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332218373244 |