Indoxyl Sulfate Induces Apoptosis through Oxidative Stress and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway Inhibition in Human Astrocytes

Indoxyl Sulfate Induces Apoptosis through Oxidative Stress and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway Inhibition in Human Astrocytes

Uremic toxins accumulated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the risk of cognitive impairment. Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a well-known protein-bound uremic toxin that is correlated with several systemic diseases, but no studies on human brain cells are available. We investigated the effect of IS...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yi-Ting Lin, Ping-Hsun Wu, Yi-Chun Tsai, Ya-Ling Hsu, Han Ying Wang, Mei-Chuan Kuo, Po-Lin Kuo, Shang-Jyh Hwang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2019-02-01
Series:Journal of Clinical Medicine
Subjects:
indoxyl sulfate
uremic toxins
astrocyte
oxidative stress
mitogen-activated protein kinase
dual specific phosphatase
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/2/191

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