A Critical Analysis of Rejection in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation: Clinical, cellular and molecular aspects, Current Challenges, and Novel Concepts

Advances in microsurgical techniques and immunomodulatory protocols have contributed to the expansion of Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) with very encouraging immunological, functional, and cosmetic results. Rejection remains however a major hurdle that portends serious threats to r...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Karim A Sarhane, Sami H Tuffaha, Justin M Broyles, Amir E Ibrahim, Saami eKhalifian, Pablo eBaltodano, Gabriel F Santiago, Mohammad eAlrakan, Zuhaib eIbrahim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2013-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00406/full