Time-Optimal Low-Level Control and Gearshift Strategies for the Formula 1 Hybrid Electric Powertrain

Time-Optimal Low-Level Control and Gearshift Strategies for the Formula 1 Hybrid Electric Powertrain

Today, Formula 1 race cars are equipped with complex hybrid electric powertrains that display significant cross-couplings between the internal combustion engine and the electrical energy recovery system. Given that a large number of these phenomena are strongly engine-speed dependent, not only the e...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Camillo Balerna, Marc-Philippe Neumann, Nicolò Robuschi, Pol Duhr, Alberto Cerofolini, Vittorio Ravaglioli, Christopher Onder
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-12-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
hybrid electric vehicles
Formula 1
optimal control
gearshift optimization
cylinder deactivation
outer convexification
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/1/171

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https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/1/171

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