The influence of impact speed on chest injury outcome in whole body frontal sled impacts

While the seatbelt restraint has significantly improved occupant safety, the protection efficiency still needs further enhance to reduce the consequence of the crash. Influence of seatbelt restraint loading on chest injury under 40 km/h has been tested and documented. However, a comprehensive profil...

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Main Authors: Sen Xiao, Fuhao Mo, Jikuang Yang, Jing Huang, Zhi Xiao, Jeff R. Crandall
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Vilnius Gediminas Technical University 2020-12-01
Series:Transport
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.vgtu.lt/index.php/Transport/article/view/14280
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spelling doaj-bbf8628bd239460191feb8a8c01456b02021-07-02T17:36:20ZengVilnius Gediminas Technical UniversityTransport1648-41421648-34802020-12-0135666967810.3846/transport.2020.1428014280The influence of impact speed on chest injury outcome in whole body frontal sled impactsSen Xiao0Fuhao Mo1Jikuang Yang2Jing Huang3Zhi Xiao4Jeff R. Crandall5School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, China; Dept of Applied Mechanics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SwedenState Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha, ChinaCentre for Applied Biomechanics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United StatesWhile the seatbelt restraint has significantly improved occupant safety, the protection efficiency still needs further enhance to reduce the consequence of the crash. Influence of seatbelt restraint loading on chest injury under 40 km/h has been tested and documented. However, a comprehensive profiling of the efficiency of restraint systems with various impact speeds has not yet been sufficiently reported. The purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of the seatbelt loadings on chest injuries at different impact speeds utilizing a high bio-fidelity human body Finite Element (FE) model. Based on the whole-body frontal sled test configuration, the current simulation is setup using a substitute of Post-Mortem Human Subjects (PMHS). Chest injury outcomes from simulations are analysed in terms of design variables, such as seatbelt position parameters and collision speed in a full factorial experimental design. These outcomes are specifically referred to strain-based injury probabilities and four-point chest deflections caused by the change of the parameters. The results indicate that impact speed does influence chest injury outcome. The ribcage injury risk for more than 3 fractured ribs will increase from around 40 to nearly 100% when the impact speed change from 20 to 40 km/h if the seatbelt positioned at the middle-sternum of this study. Great injuries to the chest are mainly caused by the change of inertia, which indicates that chest injuries are greatly affected by the impact speed. Furthermore, the rib fracture risk and chest deflection are nonlinearly correlated with the change of the seatbelt position parameters. The study approach can serve as a reference for seatbelt virtual design. Meanwhile, it also provides basis for the research of chest injury mechanism. First published online 26 January 2021https://journals.vgtu.lt/index.php/Transport/article/view/14280impact speedseatbelt loadingchest injury outcomescomputational biomechanicsfracture risks
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Sen Xiao
Fuhao Mo
Jikuang Yang
Jing Huang
Zhi Xiao
Jeff R. Crandall
spellingShingle Sen Xiao
Fuhao Mo
Jikuang Yang
Jing Huang
Zhi Xiao
Jeff R. Crandall
The influence of impact speed on chest injury outcome in whole body frontal sled impacts
Transport
impact speed
seatbelt loading
chest injury outcomes
computational biomechanics
fracture risks
author_facet Sen Xiao
Fuhao Mo
Jikuang Yang
Jing Huang
Zhi Xiao
Jeff R. Crandall
author_sort Sen Xiao
title The influence of impact speed on chest injury outcome in whole body frontal sled impacts
title_short The influence of impact speed on chest injury outcome in whole body frontal sled impacts
title_full The influence of impact speed on chest injury outcome in whole body frontal sled impacts
title_fullStr The influence of impact speed on chest injury outcome in whole body frontal sled impacts
title_full_unstemmed The influence of impact speed on chest injury outcome in whole body frontal sled impacts
title_sort influence of impact speed on chest injury outcome in whole body frontal sled impacts
publisher Vilnius Gediminas Technical University
series Transport
issn 1648-4142
1648-3480
publishDate 2020-12-01
description While the seatbelt restraint has significantly improved occupant safety, the protection efficiency still needs further enhance to reduce the consequence of the crash. Influence of seatbelt restraint loading on chest injury under 40 km/h has been tested and documented. However, a comprehensive profiling of the efficiency of restraint systems with various impact speeds has not yet been sufficiently reported. The purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of the seatbelt loadings on chest injuries at different impact speeds utilizing a high bio-fidelity human body Finite Element (FE) model. Based on the whole-body frontal sled test configuration, the current simulation is setup using a substitute of Post-Mortem Human Subjects (PMHS). Chest injury outcomes from simulations are analysed in terms of design variables, such as seatbelt position parameters and collision speed in a full factorial experimental design. These outcomes are specifically referred to strain-based injury probabilities and four-point chest deflections caused by the change of the parameters. The results indicate that impact speed does influence chest injury outcome. The ribcage injury risk for more than 3 fractured ribs will increase from around 40 to nearly 100% when the impact speed change from 20 to 40 km/h if the seatbelt positioned at the middle-sternum of this study. Great injuries to the chest are mainly caused by the change of inertia, which indicates that chest injuries are greatly affected by the impact speed. Furthermore, the rib fracture risk and chest deflection are nonlinearly correlated with the change of the seatbelt position parameters. The study approach can serve as a reference for seatbelt virtual design. Meanwhile, it also provides basis for the research of chest injury mechanism. First published online 26 January 2021
topic impact speed
seatbelt loading
chest injury outcomes
computational biomechanics
fracture risks
url https://journals.vgtu.lt/index.php/Transport/article/view/14280
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