More than causing (epi)genomic instability: emerging physiological implications of transposable element modulation

Abstract Transposable elements (TEs) initially attracted attention because they comprise a major portion of the genomic sequences in plants and animals. TEs may jump around the genome and disrupt both coding genes as well as regulatory sequences to cause disease. Host cells have therefore evolved va...

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Main Authors: Pu-Sheng Hsu, Shu-Han Yu, Yi-Tzang Tsai, Jen-Yun Chang, Li-Kuang Tsai, Chih-Hung Ye, Ning-Yu Song, Lih-Chiao Yau, Shau-Ping Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2021-08-01
Series:Journal of Biomedical Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00754-2
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spelling doaj-b5c18402f97a40429701ce7f21a7a1292021-08-08T11:16:09ZengBMCJournal of Biomedical Science1423-01272021-08-0128111410.1186/s12929-021-00754-2More than causing (epi)genomic instability: emerging physiological implications of transposable element modulationPu-Sheng Hsu0Shu-Han Yu1Yi-Tzang Tsai2Jen-Yun Chang3Li-Kuang Tsai4Chih-Hung Ye5Ning-Yu Song6Lih-Chiao Yau7Shau-Ping Lin8Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan UniversityInstitute of Biotechnology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan UniversityInstitute of Biotechnology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan UniversityInstitute of Biotechnology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan UniversityInstitute of Biotechnology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan UniversityInstitute of Biotechnology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan UniversityDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook UniversityInstitute of Biotechnology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan UniversityInstitute of Biotechnology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan UniversityAbstract Transposable elements (TEs) initially attracted attention because they comprise a major portion of the genomic sequences in plants and animals. TEs may jump around the genome and disrupt both coding genes as well as regulatory sequences to cause disease. Host cells have therefore evolved various epigenetic and functional RNA-mediated mechanisms to mitigate the disruption of genomic integrity by TEs. TE associated sequences therefore acquire the tendencies of attracting various epigenetic modifiers to induce epigenetic alterations that may spread to the neighboring genes. In addition to posting threats for (epi)genome integrity, emerging evidence suggested the physiological importance of endogenous TEs either as cis-acting control elements for controlling gene regulation or as TE-containing functional transcripts that modulate the transcriptome of the host cells. Recent advances in long-reads sequence analysis technologies, bioinformatics and genetic editing tools have enabled the profiling, precise annotation and functional characterization of TEs despite their challenging repetitive nature. The importance of specific TEs in preimplantation embryonic development, germ cell differentiation and meiosis, cell fate determination and in driving species specific differences in mammals will be discussed.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00754-2Transposable elements (TEs)Functional RNAsEpigeneticsEnhancersDifferentiationEvolution
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Pu-Sheng Hsu
Shu-Han Yu
Yi-Tzang Tsai
Jen-Yun Chang
Li-Kuang Tsai
Chih-Hung Ye
Ning-Yu Song
Lih-Chiao Yau
Shau-Ping Lin
spellingShingle Pu-Sheng Hsu
Shu-Han Yu
Yi-Tzang Tsai
Jen-Yun Chang
Li-Kuang Tsai
Chih-Hung Ye
Ning-Yu Song
Lih-Chiao Yau
Shau-Ping Lin
More than causing (epi)genomic instability: emerging physiological implications of transposable element modulation
Journal of Biomedical Science
Transposable elements (TEs)
Functional RNAs
Epigenetics
Enhancers
Differentiation
Evolution
author_facet Pu-Sheng Hsu
Shu-Han Yu
Yi-Tzang Tsai
Jen-Yun Chang
Li-Kuang Tsai
Chih-Hung Ye
Ning-Yu Song
Lih-Chiao Yau
Shau-Ping Lin
author_sort Pu-Sheng Hsu
title More than causing (epi)genomic instability: emerging physiological implications of transposable element modulation
title_short More than causing (epi)genomic instability: emerging physiological implications of transposable element modulation
title_full More than causing (epi)genomic instability: emerging physiological implications of transposable element modulation
title_fullStr More than causing (epi)genomic instability: emerging physiological implications of transposable element modulation
title_full_unstemmed More than causing (epi)genomic instability: emerging physiological implications of transposable element modulation
title_sort more than causing (epi)genomic instability: emerging physiological implications of transposable element modulation
publisher BMC
series Journal of Biomedical Science
issn 1423-0127
publishDate 2021-08-01
description Abstract Transposable elements (TEs) initially attracted attention because they comprise a major portion of the genomic sequences in plants and animals. TEs may jump around the genome and disrupt both coding genes as well as regulatory sequences to cause disease. Host cells have therefore evolved various epigenetic and functional RNA-mediated mechanisms to mitigate the disruption of genomic integrity by TEs. TE associated sequences therefore acquire the tendencies of attracting various epigenetic modifiers to induce epigenetic alterations that may spread to the neighboring genes. In addition to posting threats for (epi)genome integrity, emerging evidence suggested the physiological importance of endogenous TEs either as cis-acting control elements for controlling gene regulation or as TE-containing functional transcripts that modulate the transcriptome of the host cells. Recent advances in long-reads sequence analysis technologies, bioinformatics and genetic editing tools have enabled the profiling, precise annotation and functional characterization of TEs despite their challenging repetitive nature. The importance of specific TEs in preimplantation embryonic development, germ cell differentiation and meiosis, cell fate determination and in driving species specific differences in mammals will be discussed.
topic Transposable elements (TEs)
Functional RNAs
Epigenetics
Enhancers
Differentiation
Evolution
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00754-2
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