More than causing (epi)genomic instability: emerging physiological implications of transposable element modulation
Abstract Transposable elements (TEs) initially attracted attention because they comprise a major portion of the genomic sequences in plants and animals. TEs may jump around the genome and disrupt both coding genes as well as regulatory sequences to cause disease. Host cells have therefore evolved va...
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doaj-b5c18402f97a40429701ce7f21a7a1292021-08-08T11:16:09ZengBMCJournal of Biomedical Science1423-01272021-08-0128111410.1186/s12929-021-00754-2More than causing (epi)genomic instability: emerging physiological implications of transposable element modulationPu-Sheng Hsu0Shu-Han Yu1Yi-Tzang Tsai2Jen-Yun Chang3Li-Kuang Tsai4Chih-Hung Ye5Ning-Yu Song6Lih-Chiao Yau7Shau-Ping Lin8Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan UniversityInstitute of Biotechnology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan UniversityInstitute of Biotechnology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan UniversityInstitute of Biotechnology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan UniversityInstitute of Biotechnology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan UniversityInstitute of Biotechnology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan UniversityDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook UniversityInstitute of Biotechnology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan UniversityInstitute of Biotechnology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan UniversityAbstract Transposable elements (TEs) initially attracted attention because they comprise a major portion of the genomic sequences in plants and animals. TEs may jump around the genome and disrupt both coding genes as well as regulatory sequences to cause disease. Host cells have therefore evolved various epigenetic and functional RNA-mediated mechanisms to mitigate the disruption of genomic integrity by TEs. TE associated sequences therefore acquire the tendencies of attracting various epigenetic modifiers to induce epigenetic alterations that may spread to the neighboring genes. In addition to posting threats for (epi)genome integrity, emerging evidence suggested the physiological importance of endogenous TEs either as cis-acting control elements for controlling gene regulation or as TE-containing functional transcripts that modulate the transcriptome of the host cells. Recent advances in long-reads sequence analysis technologies, bioinformatics and genetic editing tools have enabled the profiling, precise annotation and functional characterization of TEs despite their challenging repetitive nature. The importance of specific TEs in preimplantation embryonic development, germ cell differentiation and meiosis, cell fate determination and in driving species specific differences in mammals will be discussed.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00754-2Transposable elements (TEs)Functional RNAsEpigeneticsEnhancersDifferentiationEvolution |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Pu-Sheng Hsu Shu-Han Yu Yi-Tzang Tsai Jen-Yun Chang Li-Kuang Tsai Chih-Hung Ye Ning-Yu Song Lih-Chiao Yau Shau-Ping Lin |
spellingShingle |
Pu-Sheng Hsu Shu-Han Yu Yi-Tzang Tsai Jen-Yun Chang Li-Kuang Tsai Chih-Hung Ye Ning-Yu Song Lih-Chiao Yau Shau-Ping Lin More than causing (epi)genomic instability: emerging physiological implications of transposable element modulation Journal of Biomedical Science Transposable elements (TEs) Functional RNAs Epigenetics Enhancers Differentiation Evolution |
author_facet |
Pu-Sheng Hsu Shu-Han Yu Yi-Tzang Tsai Jen-Yun Chang Li-Kuang Tsai Chih-Hung Ye Ning-Yu Song Lih-Chiao Yau Shau-Ping Lin |
author_sort |
Pu-Sheng Hsu |
title |
More than causing (epi)genomic instability: emerging physiological implications of transposable element modulation |
title_short |
More than causing (epi)genomic instability: emerging physiological implications of transposable element modulation |
title_full |
More than causing (epi)genomic instability: emerging physiological implications of transposable element modulation |
title_fullStr |
More than causing (epi)genomic instability: emerging physiological implications of transposable element modulation |
title_full_unstemmed |
More than causing (epi)genomic instability: emerging physiological implications of transposable element modulation |
title_sort |
more than causing (epi)genomic instability: emerging physiological implications of transposable element modulation |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Journal of Biomedical Science |
issn |
1423-0127 |
publishDate |
2021-08-01 |
description |
Abstract Transposable elements (TEs) initially attracted attention because they comprise a major portion of the genomic sequences in plants and animals. TEs may jump around the genome and disrupt both coding genes as well as regulatory sequences to cause disease. Host cells have therefore evolved various epigenetic and functional RNA-mediated mechanisms to mitigate the disruption of genomic integrity by TEs. TE associated sequences therefore acquire the tendencies of attracting various epigenetic modifiers to induce epigenetic alterations that may spread to the neighboring genes. In addition to posting threats for (epi)genome integrity, emerging evidence suggested the physiological importance of endogenous TEs either as cis-acting control elements for controlling gene regulation or as TE-containing functional transcripts that modulate the transcriptome of the host cells. Recent advances in long-reads sequence analysis technologies, bioinformatics and genetic editing tools have enabled the profiling, precise annotation and functional characterization of TEs despite their challenging repetitive nature. The importance of specific TEs in preimplantation embryonic development, germ cell differentiation and meiosis, cell fate determination and in driving species specific differences in mammals will be discussed. |
topic |
Transposable elements (TEs) Functional RNAs Epigenetics Enhancers Differentiation Evolution |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00754-2 |
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