TGF‐β transactivates EGFR and facilitates breast cancer migration and invasion through canonical Smad3 and ERK/Sp1 signaling pathways
Transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) functions as a potent proliferation inhibitor and apoptosis inducer in the early stages of breast cancer, yet promotes cancer aggressiveness in the advanced stages. The dual effect of TGF‐β on cancer development is known as TGF‐β paradox, and the remarkable fu...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Wiley
2018-03-01
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Series: | Molecular Oncology |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/1878-0261.12162 |