External triggering of substorms identified using modern optical versus geosynchronous particle data

Previous works on substorm triggering have shown that more than 50% of the substorms are triggered by a northward turning of the IMF <i>B</i><sub>z</sub>; However, recent studies have found a much lower percentage. We have examined triggering using three different onset li...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: B. Gallardo-Lacourt, Y. Nishimura, L. R. Lyons, E. Donovan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2012-04-01
Series:Annales Geophysicae
Online Access:https://www.ann-geophys.net/30/667/2012/angeo-30-667-2012.pdf