Physiological effects of the interaction between Nosema ceranae and sequential and overlapping exposure to glyphosate and difenoconazole in the honey bee Apis mellifera
Pathogens and pollutants, such as pesticides, are potential stressors to all living organisms, including honey bees. Herbicides and fungicides are among the most prevalent pesticides in beehive matrices, and their interaction with Nosema ceranae is not well understood. In this study, the interaction...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Elsevier
2021-07-01
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Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321003699 |