Online Multi-Level Energy Management Strategy Based on Rule-Based and Optimization-Based Approaches for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles
This paper introduces an online multi-level energy management strategy (EMS) based on proposed rule-based and optimization-based approaches for fuel hybrid electric vehicles, including fuel cell, battery, and ultracapacitor systems. Our approach combines equivalent consumption minimization, state ma...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/9/3849 |