Effects of Hardwood Content on Balsam Fir Defoliation during the Building Phase of a Spruce Budworm Outbreak

Effects of Hardwood Content on Balsam Fir Defoliation during the Building Phase of a Spruce Budworm Outbreak

Defoliation by spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) on balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) is more severe in fir than in mixed fir-hardwood stands. Previous studies assumed that defoliation in fir-hardwood stands was reduced in proportion to percent hardwood regardless of outbreak seve...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Bo Zhang, David A. MacLean, Rob C. Johns, Eldon S. Eveleigh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2018-08-01
Series:Forests
Subjects:
Choristoneura fumiferana
Abies balsamea
hardwood content
defoliation prediction
Online Access:http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/9/9/530

Internet

http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/9/9/530

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