Optimal Energy Management of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Concerning the Entire Lifespan of Lithium-Ion Batteries
The performance of lithium-ion batteries will inevitably degrade during the high frequently charging/discharging load applied in electric vehicles. For hybrid electric vehicles, battery aging not only declines the performance and reliability of the battery itself, but it also affects the whole energ...
Main Authors: | , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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Series: | Energies |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/10/2543 |