Role of endogenous ouabain in the etiology of bipolar disorder

Abstract Background Bipolar disorder is a severe psychiatric illness with poor prognosis and problematic and suboptimal treatments. Understanding the pathoetiologic mechanisms may improve treatment and outcomes. Discussion Dysregulation of cationic homeostasis is the most reproducible aspect of bipo...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Rif S. El-Mallakh, Yonglin Gao, Pan You
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2021-02-01
Series:International Journal of Bipolar Disorders
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-020-00213-1