Climate Change Impacts on <i>Pinus pinea</i> L. Silvicultural System for Cone Production and Ways to Contour Those Impacts: A Review Complemented with Data from Permanent Plots

Umbrella pine (<i>Pinus pinea</i> L.) cones take three years to develop. With the increasing frequency of extreme droughts, water available for trees has decreased&#8212;climate change is a reality. The cone&#8217;s survival in its first two years of development and the average c...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: João A. Freire, Gonçalo C. Rodrigues, Margarida Tomé
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2019-02-01
Series:Forests
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/2/169