Are smokers in the European Union actually “hardening”? A multi-level and ecological approach

Introduction Tobacco control policies are proven to reduce smoking prevalence. It has been suggested that tobacco control measures are less effective where smoking prevalence has significantly declined, as the remaining smokers have “hardened”. Our aim was to empirically evaluate the “hardening hypo...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ariadna Feliu, Filippos T. Filippidis, Cristina Martinez, Esteve Fernandez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: European Publishing 2019-03-01
Series:Tobacco Prevention and Cessation
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.journalssystem.com/tpc/,105311,0,2.html