Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy Combined With Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and GM-CSF as Salvage Therapy in a PD-L1-Negative Patient With Refractory Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy Combined With Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and GM-CSF as Salvage Therapy in a PD-L1-Negative Patient With Refractory Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a malignancy with poor prognosis, which is often diagnosed at a late stage. Effective treatment options are limited when patients fail standard systemic therapy. The application of PD-1 inhibitors have led to a paradigm shift in the treatment of ESCC, but...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xiangrong Zhao, Yuehong Kong, Liyuan Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-09-01
Series:Frontiers in Oncology
Subjects:
immunotherapy
radiotherapy
PD-L1
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
GM-CSF
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fonc.2020.01625/full

Internet

https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fonc.2020.01625/full

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