Possible biased analgesic of hydromorphone through the G protein-over β-arrestin-mediated pathway: cAMP, CellKey™, and receptor internalization analyses
Morphine, fentanyl, and oxycodone are widely used as analgesics, and recently hydromorphone has been approved in Japan. Although all of these are selective for μ-opioid receptors (MORs) and have similar structures, their analgesic potencies and adverse effects (AEs) are diverse. Recent molecular ana...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Pharmacological Sciences |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1347861319341702 |