Residual polysaccharides from fungi reduce the bacterial spot in tomato plants

• Main Authors: Tarsis Aguiar, Caroline Luiz, Argus Cezar Rocha Neto, Robson Marcelo Di Piero
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Instituto Agronômico de Campinas 2018-03-01
• Series: Bragantia
• Subjects: induced resistance; Lentinula edodes; Pleurotus ostreatus; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Solanum lycopersicon; Xanthomonas gardneri
• Online Access: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0006-87052018005002102&lng=en&tlng=en

Abstract Polysaccharides from fungal wastes were partially characterized and evaluated for their protective effects against bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas gardneri on four tomato cultivars: Santa Cruz Kada, Natália, BRS Sena and Forty. The polysaccharides were extracted from spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus, residual brewery yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and basidiocarps discarded from Lentinula edodes production. These polysaccharides were characterized for total carbohydrates, phenolics and proteins content, pH, scatter intensity, conductivity, Zeta potential, DPPH scavenging assay and infrared spectroscopy. The effects of time interval between treatment and inoculation (4 or 7 days) and polysaccharide concentrations (0.5 or 1.5 mg.mL–1) were assessed for disease severity using a susceptible tomato cultivar. The polysaccharide action mode was investigated by determining the activity of peroxidases and phenylalanine ammonialyase and by quantifying flavonoids and total phenolics in the plants treated and challenged with X. gardneri. The polysaccharides obtained from Lentinula edodes (PSHII), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PRC) and Pleurotus ostreatus (PSPO) (1.5 mg.mL-1) reduced bacterial spot severity by 50% on tomato cotyledons, leaflets and five-leaf plants. Furthermore, PRC and PSHII (1.5 mg.mL–1) could decrease disease severity in all tested cultivars. PSHII, the most effective, did not cause change in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity or flavonoid content on the cultivars Kada and Natália. However, an increase in peroxidase activity and total phenol content on cv. Kada was noted. The polysaccharides obtained from food industry wastes could provide protection against bacterial spot on tomato cultivars by inducing defense mechanisms and can be useful in formulating products with phytosanitary potential.