The Diversity of Encephalitogenic CD4+ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models

Autoreactive CD4+ T cells, which target antigens in central nervous system (CNS) myelin, are widely believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) in concert with other immune effectors. This theory is supported by data from animal model experiments, genome-wide asso...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Benjamin M. Segal
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2019-01-01
Series:Journal of Clinical Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/1/120
id doaj-69cae79afed54736b4718006f9569711
record_format Article
spelling doaj-69cae79afed54736b4718006f95697112020-11-25T02:12:26ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832019-01-018112010.3390/jcm8010120jcm8010120The Diversity of Encephalitogenic CD4+ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal ModelsBenjamin M. Segal0Holtom-Garrett Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAAutoreactive CD4+ T cells, which target antigens in central nervous system (CNS) myelin, are widely believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) in concert with other immune effectors. This theory is supported by data from animal model experiments, genome-wide association studies, and immune profiles of individuals with MS. Furthermore, disease modifying agents that target lymphocytes significantly reduce the rate of MS clinical exacerbations. However, the properties of myelin-reactive CD4+ T cells that are critical for their pathogenic activities are not understood completely. This article reviews the literature on encephalitogenic CD4+ T cells, with an emphasis on T-helper (Th) lineage and cytokine production. An increased understanding of the spectrum of encephalitogenic T cells and how they differ from protective subsets is necessary for the development of the next generation of more effective and safer immunomodulatory therapies customized for individuals with MS and related disorders.http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/1/120Multiple Sclerosisexperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisT-helper cellscytokines
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Benjamin M. Segal
spellingShingle Benjamin M. Segal
The Diversity of Encephalitogenic CD4+ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Multiple Sclerosis
experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
T-helper cells
cytokines
author_facet Benjamin M. Segal
author_sort Benjamin M. Segal
title The Diversity of Encephalitogenic CD4+ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models
title_short The Diversity of Encephalitogenic CD4+ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models
title_full The Diversity of Encephalitogenic CD4+ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models
title_fullStr The Diversity of Encephalitogenic CD4+ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models
title_full_unstemmed The Diversity of Encephalitogenic CD4+ T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Its Animal Models
title_sort diversity of encephalitogenic cd4+ t cells in multiple sclerosis and its animal models
publisher MDPI AG
series Journal of Clinical Medicine
issn 2077-0383
publishDate 2019-01-01
description Autoreactive CD4+ T cells, which target antigens in central nervous system (CNS) myelin, are widely believed to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) in concert with other immune effectors. This theory is supported by data from animal model experiments, genome-wide association studies, and immune profiles of individuals with MS. Furthermore, disease modifying agents that target lymphocytes significantly reduce the rate of MS clinical exacerbations. However, the properties of myelin-reactive CD4+ T cells that are critical for their pathogenic activities are not understood completely. This article reviews the literature on encephalitogenic CD4+ T cells, with an emphasis on T-helper (Th) lineage and cytokine production. An increased understanding of the spectrum of encephalitogenic T cells and how they differ from protective subsets is necessary for the development of the next generation of more effective and safer immunomodulatory therapies customized for individuals with MS and related disorders.
topic Multiple Sclerosis
experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
T-helper cells
cytokines
url http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/1/120
work_keys_str_mv AT benjaminmsegal thediversityofencephalitogeniccd4tcellsinmultiplesclerosisanditsanimalmodels
AT benjaminmsegal diversityofencephalitogeniccd4tcellsinmultiplesclerosisanditsanimalmodels
_version_ 1724909377439137792