The Emergence of the Dose–Response Concept in Biology and Medicine

A historical assessment of the origin of the dose–response in modern toxicology and its integration as a central concept in biology and medicine is presented. This article provides an overview of how the threshold, linear and biphasic (i.e., hormetic) dose–response models emerged in the late 19th an...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Edward J. Calabrese
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2016-12-01
Series:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/17/12/2034