No Fans–No Pressure: Referees in Professional Football During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, European elite football (a.k.a. soccer) leagues played the remaining season 2019/20 without or strongly limited attendance of supporters (i.e., “ghost games”). From a sport psychological perspective this situation poses a unique opportunity to investigate the crowd'...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Michael Christian Leitner, Fabio Richlan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspor.2021.720488/full