Clinical evaluation of manual stress testing, stress ultrasound and 3D stress MRI in chronic mechanical ankle instability
Abstract Background Chronic ankle instability (CAI) arises from the two etiological factors of functional (FAI) and mechanical ankle instability (MAI). To distinguish the contributions of the two etiologies, it is necessary to quantitively assess functional and mechanical deficits. Validated and rep...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2021-02-01
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Series: | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-03998-z |