An Approach to State of Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Recurrent Neural Networks with Gated Recurrent Unit
State of charge (SOC) represents the amount of electricity stored and is calculated and used by battery management systems (BMSs). However, SOC cannot be observed directly, and SOC estimation is a challenging task due to the battery’s nonlinear characteristics when operating in complex con...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2019-04-01
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| Series: | Energies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/9/1592 |