A simple temperature-based method to estimate heterogeneous frozen ground within a distributed watershed model

Frozen ground can be important to flood production and is often heterogeneous within a watershed due to spatial variations in the available energy, insulation by snowpack and ground cover, and the thermal and moisture properties of the soil. The widely used continuous frozen ground index (CFGI)...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: M. L. Follum, J. D. Niemann, J. T. Parno, C. W. Downer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2018-05-01
Series:Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Online Access:https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/22/2669/2018/hess-22-2669-2018.pdf