A Virtual Power Plant Solution for Aggregating Photovoltaic Systems and Other Distributed Energy Resources for Northern European Primary Frequency Reserves

Primary frequency reserves in Northern Europe have traditionally been provided with hydro plants and fossil fuel-burning spinning reserves. Recently, smart distributed energy resources have been equipped with functionality needed to participate on frequency reserves. Key categories of such resources...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Rakshith Subramanya, Matti Yli-Ojanperä, Seppo Sierla, Taneli Hölttä, Jori Valtakari, Valeriy Vyatkin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-02-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/5/1242