Statistical response of middle atmosphere composition to solar proton events in WACCM-D simulations: the importance of lower ionospheric chemistry

<p>Atmospheric effects of solar proton events (SPEs) have been studied for decades, because their drastic impact can be used to test our understanding of upper stratospheric and mesospheric chemistry in the polar cap regions. For example, odd hydrogen and odd nitrogen are produced during SPEs,...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: N. Kalakoski, P. T. Verronen, A. Seppälä, M. E. Szeląg, A. Kero, D. R. Marsh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2020-07-01
Series:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Online Access:https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/20/8923/2020/acp-20-8923-2020.pdf