D-region electron density and effective recombination coefficients during twilight – experimental data and modelling during solar proton events

Accurate measurements of electron density in the lower D-region (below 70 km altitude) are rarely made. This applies both with regard to measurements by ground-based facilities and by sounding rockets, and during both quiet conditions and conditions of energetic electron precipitation. Deep pene...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: A. Osepian, S. Kirkwood, P. Dalin, V. Tereschenko
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2009-10-01
Series:Annales Geophysicae
Online Access:https://www.ann-geophys.net/27/3713/2009/angeo-27-3713-2009.pdf