Phosphinotripeptidic Inhibitors of Leucylaminopeptidases

• Main Authors: Michał Jewgiński, Kinga Haremza, Jesús M. de los Santos, Zouhair Es Sbai, Bartosz Oszywa, Małgorzata Pawełczak, Francisco Palacios, Rafał Latajka
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-05-01
• Series: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
• Subjects: molecular modeling; LAP inhibitors; barley aminopeptidase inhibitor; phosphinate pseudopeptide; ligand-enzyme interaction; organophosphorus compound
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/10/5090
• ISSN: 1661-6596; 1422-0067

Phosphinate pseudopeptide are analogs of peptides containing phosphinate moiety in a place of the amide bond. Due to this, the organophosphorus fragment resembles the tetrahedral transition state of the amide bond hydrolysis. Additionally, it is also capable of coordinating metal ions, for example, zinc or magnesium ions. These two properties of phosphinate pseudopeptides make them an ideal candidate for metal-related protease inhibitors. This research investigates the influence of additional residue in the P2 position on the inhibitory properties of phosphinopeptides. The synthetic strategy is proposed, based on retrosynthetic analysis. The N-C-P bond formation in the desired compounds is conveniently available from the three-component condensation of appropriate amino components, aldehydes, and hypophosphorous acid. One of the crucial synthetic steps is the careful selection of the protecting groups for all the functionals. Determination of the inhibitor activity of the obtained compounds has been done using UV-Vis spectroscopy and standard substrate _L-Leu-<i>p</i>-nitroanilide toward the enzymes isolated from the porcine kidney (SsLAP, <i>Sus scrofa</i> Leucine aminopeptidase) and barley seeds (HvLAP, <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> Leucine aminopeptidase). An efficient procedure for the preparation of phosphinotripeptides has been performed. Activity test shown that introduction of additional residue into P2 position obtains the micromolar range inhibitors of SsLAP and HvLAP. Moreover, careful selection of the residue in the P2 position should improve its selectivity toward mammalian and plant leucyl aminopeptidases.